Individual Page

    Person Info
  • Name: Alice Le RUS
  • Sex: F
  • Birth: Abt Dec 1245 in Stinton b
  • Death: Abt 28 Jan 1300/1 d
  • Burial: Woodbridge Priory, Suffolk u


  • Parents:
  • Father:
  • William Le RUS Birth: 2 Death: 1253
  • Mother:
  • Agatha De CLERE Death: Before 1250

Family:
Marriage:
Marriage: Children:
  1. Margaret De BREUSE Birth: 1 Death: Before 12 May 1335
  2. Sir Giles De BREUSE Birth: Abt 1272 Death: Abt 6 Feb 1310/1
  3. Mary De BREUSE Death: After 12 Dec 1312
  4. Richard De BREUSE Birth: Abt 1274 Death: After 25 Jul 1318
  5. Sibyl De BREUSE Death: 9 Nov 1334

Bibliography
  1. Booth, Terry J, Paul C Reed, Nathaniel L Taylor, Margaret de Brewse, First Wife of Sir Thomas Hawley (d.1419-20) of Girsby, Lincolnshire, in The American Genealogist, vol 91 no 3 Jan/Apr 2020, pp195-206. Available at http://americanancestors.org/databases/american-genealogist-the/image/. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Booth BREWES p[0-9]*].
  2. Cokayne, George Edward, Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant, vol 02 Bass-Canning. London: St Catherine Press, 1912. Reprinted (4 per page) Gloucester: A Sutton, 1982. Available at https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/271412 Vol 2 also available at http://archive.org/completepeerageo02coka Information from this source tagged as [Ref: CP II [Ap][p0-9].*].
  3. Cokayne, George Edward, Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant, vol 03 Canonteigh-Cutts. London: St Catherine Press, 1913. Reprinted (4 per page) Gloucester: A Sutton, 1982. Available at https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/271412 Vol 3 also available at http://archive.org/completepeerageo03coka Information from this source tagged as [Ref: CP III [Ap][p0-9].*].
  4. Craig, F N, Whose son was Peter de Braose, NEHGR v150 (Jul 1996). pp315-24. Available at http://americanancestors.org/databases/new-england-historical-and-genealogical-register/image Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Craig Braose p[0-9]*].
  5. Schwennicke, Detlev, ed., Europaische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der europaischen Staaten, New Series. III.2 (#201-#400): Nichtstandesgemasse und Illegitime Nachkommen der Regierenden Hauser Europas. Marburg: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, 1983. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: ES III.2 #[0-9]*].
  6. Ravilious, John, Ancestry of Stephen and Robert de Turnham: John de Tong. Posting to soc.genealogy.medieval (email list GEN-MEDIEVAL) on 10/5/2005. Subject: Ancestry of Stephen and Robert de Turnham: John de Tong. Available at https://groups.google.com/g/soc.genealogy.medieval/c/-8vJibdARQw/m/7rLw_deKZxIJ. Author address: Therav3 at aol dot com. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: John Ravilious SGM 10/5/2005-184807].
  7. Ravilious, John, de Weyland of Blaxhall and Pettaugh, Suffolk. Posting to soc.genealogy.medieval (email list GEN-MEDIEVAL) on 5/30/2003. Subject: de Weyland of Blaxhall and Pettaugh, Suffolk. Available at https://groups.google.com/g/soc.genealogy.medieval/c/qDEBSV86gHw/m/ANj_A6iq5QgJ. Author address: Therav3 at aol dot com. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: John Ravilious SGM 5/30/2003-142055].
  8. Mackenzie, Paul W, Stadebroke and Wingfield Manors, Suffolk. author: 2020. Available at https://archive.org/details/StradebrokeManor. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Mackenzie Stadebroke].
  9. Paget, Gerald, The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales. London: Charles Skilton Ltd, 1977. Nypl ARF+ 78-835. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Paget HRHCharles p[0-9]*].
  10. Reitwiesner, William Addams, The Children of Joan, Princess of North Wales, The Genealogist (APSG), vol 1 no 1 (1981), p80-95. NYPL APA 82-1000. Available at https://www.americanancestors.org/databases/genealogist-the/image/. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Reitwiesner Joan p[0-9]*].
  11. Borthwick, Richard, Ancestry of Alice le Rus. Posting to soc.genealogy.medieval (email list GEN-MEDIEVAL) on 2/8/1999. Subject: Clere/Fay/Rus/Turnham. Available at https://groups.google.com/g/soc.genealogy.medieval/c/dFT37Tw31go/m/xsba0KFXEOIJ. Author address: rgbor at cyllene dot uwa dot edu dot au. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Richard Borthwick SGM 2/8/1999].
  12. Richardson, Douglas, Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Baltimore, MD: Genelogical Publishing Co, 2005. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Richardson MCA p[0-9]*].
  13. Richardson, Douglas, Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 2nd edition, Salt Lake City, Utah: Douglas Richardson, 2011. NYPL JFF 19-2494. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Richardson MCA2 v1p[0-9]*].
  14. Richardson, Douglas, Royal Ancestry. Salt Lake City, Utah: Douglas Richardson, 2013. NYPL JFF 16-1184 v1-5 Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Richardson RoyalAnc v1[pc][0-9]*].
  15. Richardson, Douglas, Royal Ancestry. Salt Lake City, Utah: Douglas Richardson, 2013. NYPL JFF 16-1184 v1-5 Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Richardson RoyalAnc v2p[0-9]*].
  16. Richardson, Douglas, Royal Ancestry. Salt Lake City, Utah: Douglas Richardson, 2013. NYPL JFF 16-1184 v1-5 Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Richardson RoyalAnc v3p[0-9]*].
  17. Richardson, Douglas, Royal Ancestry. Salt Lake City, Utah: Douglas Richardson, 2013. NYPL JFF 16-1184 v1-5 Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Richardson RoyalAnc v4p[0-9]*].
  18. Bevan, Rosie, Manor of Stradbroke in IPM of William le Rus. Posting to soc.genealogy.medieval (email list GEN-MEDIEVAL) on 11/4/2001. Subject: Braose - Wingfield Connection. Available at https://groups.google.com/g/soc.genealogy.medieval/c/xp54TPEG0fk/m/iC2I6P70YBgJ. Author address: cbevan at paradise dot net dot nz. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Rosie Bevan SGM 11/4/2001-214704].
  19. Stratton, Eugene, The Evidence that Sir Richard de Braose who married Alice le Rus was the son of John and Margaret (Verch Llywelyn) de Braose, The Genealogist 6,1 (1985) pp85-99. NYPL APA 82-1000. Available at https://www.americanancestors.org/databases/genealogist-the/image/. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Stratton RichardBraose p[0-9]*].
  20. Farmerie, Todd, Descendants of William de Braose Lord of Bramber. Posting to soc.genealogy.medieval (email list GEN-MEDIEVAL) on 3/10/1997. Subject: DE BRAOSE. Available at https://groups.google.com/g/soc.genealogy.medieval/c/Ba1_nxApc-M/m/lSCguVOj1UkJ. Author address: taf2 at PO dot CWRU dot EDU. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Todd Farmerie SGM 3/10/1997].
  21. Weis, Frederick Lewis, Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, David Faris, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America before 1700, 7th Edition, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co, 1992. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Weis AR7 #[0-9][0-9]*[A-Z]*].

Sources for birth and parent Information
date:
1245/7 [Ref: Richard Borthwick SGM 2/8/1999, Stratton RichardBraose p92]
25 Dec 1245 or 1247 or 1 Jan 1245/6 [Ref: Mackenzie Stadebroke, Richardson RoyalAnc v2p58, Richardson RoyalAnc v3p612]
25 Dec 1245 or 25 Dec 1247 or 1 Jan 1245/6 [Ref: CP II p304]
abt 25 Dec 1245 [Ref: John Ravilious SGM 10/5/2005-184807],
place:
of Stinton [Ref: Reitwiesner Joan p84],
parents:
[Ref: CP II p304, ES III.2 #356a, John Ravilious SGM 10/5/2005-184807, Mackenzie Stadebroke, Paget HRHCharles p15, Richard Borthwick SGM 2/8/1999, Richardson MCA p447, Richardson RoyalAnc v2p58, Richardson RoyalAnc v3p376, Richardson RoyalAnc v3p612],
father:
[Ref: CP III p374, Weis AR7 #246]
Sources for death Information
date:
1300-1 [Ref: Craig Braose p322]
1301 [Ref: Stratton RichardBraose p92]
before 28 Jan 1300 [Ref: Stratton RichardBraose p86]
before 28 Jan 1301 [Ref: Richard Borthwick SGM 2/8/1999]
shortly before 28 Jan 1300/1 [Ref: CP II p304, John Ravilious SGM 10/5/2005-184807, Richardson RoyalAnc v2p58, Richardson RoyalAnc v3p612]
Sources for burial Information
place:
[Ref: CP II p304, Richard Borthwick SGM 2/8/1999, Richardson RoyalAnc v2p58, Richardson RoyalAnc v3p612]
Sources with Information about marriage to Sir Richard LONGSPEE
date:
first marriage of Alice [Ref: CP II p304, John Ravilious SGM 10/5/2005-184807, Mackenzie Stadebroke, Richardson RoyalAnc v2p58, Richardson RoyalAnc v3p376, Richardson RoyalAnc v3p612, Stratton RichardBraose p92],
names:
[Ref: ES III.2 #356a, Paget HRHCharles p15]
Sources with Information about marriage to Sir Richard De BREUSE, Lord Of Stinton
date:
before 9 Sep 1265 [Ref: CP II p304, John Ravilious SGM 10/5/2005-184807, Richard Borthwick SGM 2/8/1999, Richardson RoyalAnc v2p58, Richardson RoyalAnc v3p612]
second marriage of Alice [Ref: Mackenzie Stadebroke, Richardson RoyalAnc v3p376, Stratton RichardBraose p92],
names:
[Ref: Reitwiesner Joan p84, Richardson MCA p447, Richardson RoyalAnc v1p532],
child:
[Ref: Booth BREWES p206, CP II p304(i), CP II p305(d), CP II p305, CP III p374, Craig Braose p322, John Ravilious SGM 10/5/2005-184807, John Ravilious SGM 5/30/2003-142055, Mackenzie Stadebroke, Richardson MCA2 v1p388, Richardson RoyalAnc v2p58, Richardson RoyalAnc v3p612, Richardson RoyalAnc v4p450, Stratton RichardBraose p87, Stratton RichardBraose p92, Todd Farmerie SGM 3/10/1997, Weis AR7 #246]
Research Notes:
heiress of her father [Ref: Richardson RoyalAnc v3p612]

heiress of Stinton, Norfolk, and of Akenham and Whittingham, Suffolk [Ref: Richard Borthwick SGM 2/8/1999]

sole heir of her father [Ref: Mackenzie Stadebroke]

at age 2: sole heir of her grandparents Roger CLERE and Matilda [Ref: Mackenzie Stadebroke]

1250: her wardship and custody of her lands, including the manor of Sinnington co Yorks, granted to William le Rus [Ref: John Ravilious SGM 10/5/2005-184807]

inheritance included a moiety of the manor of Bramley, Surrey, held in chief of the King by service of one and 1/2 knoght's fee [Ref: John Ravilious SGM 10/5/2005-184807]

inheritance included manor of Rouse Hall, Suffolk, which evidently became maritagium of her daughter Mary, wife of John de Weyland [Ref: John Ravilious SGM 10/5/2005-184807]

Stradbroke was one of the manors listed under the IPM of William le Rus in 44 Hen III (1260), and was thus part of the inheritance of Alice [Ref: Rosie Bevan SGM 11/4/2001-214704]



Pedigree of Alice Le RUS
                                                       /-----Ernald
                                              /-----Roger Le RUS
                                     /-----Ernald Le RUS
                            /-----Ernald Le RUS
                   /-----Ernald Le RUS
          /-----Hugh Le RUS
         |         \-----Isabel
 /-----William Le RUS
|        |                                                      /-----Alberic De Cadomo
|        |                                             /-----Walter De CAEN
|        |                                    /-----Roger De HUNTINGFIELD
|        |                           /-----William De HUNTINGFIELD
|        |                          |        |                  /-----Robert I Princeps Of Vitre
|        |                          |        |         /-----Guy De CRAON, Baron Of Freiston
|        |                          |        |        |         \-----Bertha Dame De Craon
|        |                          |         \-----Emma De CRAON
|        |                          |                 |         /-----Hugh Fitz Baldric
|        |                          |                  \-----Isabella Fitz HUGH
|        |                  /-----Roger De HUNTINGFIELD, Lord Of East Bradenham
|        |                 |        |         /-----Roger De GIGNEY
|        |                 |         \-----Sibyl De GIGNEY
|        |         /-----Sir William De HUNTINGFIELD, MC Surety
|        |        |        |         /-----Saher De QUINCEY, Lord Of Buckby In Northampto
|        |        |         \-----Alice De SENLIS
|        |        |                 |                  /-----Ranulph Le Rich
|        |        |                 |         /-----Simon De St. LIZ, Earl Of Huntingdon
|        |        |                  \-----Maud De ST LIZ
|        |        |                          |                  /-----Sigurd Digera Earl Of Northumbria
|        |        |                          |         /-----Waltheof II Earl Of Huntingdon
|        |        |                          |        |         \-----Aelflaed
|        |        |                           \-----Maud Of Huntingdon
|        |        |                                   |         /-----Lambert Of Boulogne, Count Of Lens
|        |        |                                    \-----Judith Of Lens
|        |        |                                             \-----Adelaide Of Normandy
|         \-----Alice De HUNTINGFIELD
|                 |                           /-----Wimer De GRESSINGHALL
|                 |                  /-----Roger Fitz WIMER
|                 |                 |         \-----Gilla
|                 |         /-----William De GRESSINGHALE
|                  \-----Isabel De GRESSINGHALE
|                          |                                    /-----Ralph II De Warrene
|                          |                           /-----William De Warrene, Earl Of Surrey
|                          |                          |         \-----Emma
|                          |                  /-----William II De Warrene, Earl Of Surrey
|                          |                 |        |         /-----Gherbod The Fleming, Advocate Of St. Bertins
|                          |                 |         \-----Gundred
|                          |         /-----Reginald De WARENNE
|                          |        |        |                  /-----Henry I King Of France
|                          |        |        |         /-----Hugh Magnus Duke Of France
|                          |        |        |        |         \-----Anne Of Kiev
|                          |        |         \-----Isabel De Vermandois, Countess Of Leicester
|                          |        |                 |         /-----Herbert IV Count Of Vermandois
|                          |        |                  \-----Adelaide De Vermandois, Countess Of Vermandois
|                          |        |                           \-----Adela De Valois
|                           \-----Alina De WARENNE
|                                   |                           /-----William De WORMEGAY, Baron Of Wormegay
|                                   |                  /-----Richard De WORMEGAY, Baron Of Wormegay
|                                   |         /-----William De WORMEGAY, Baron Of Wormegay
|                                    \-----Alice De WORMEGAY
Alice Le RUS
|                                    /-----Roger De CLERE
|                           /-----Ralph De CLERE
|                  /-----Ralph II De CLERE
|                 |         \-----Mabel
|         /-----Roger De CLERE
|        |        |                                             /-----Ongar
|        |        |                                    /-----Lefstan
|        |        |                           /-----Ailwin
|        |        |                  /-----Henry FITZ AILWIN, Mayor Of London
|        |        |         /-----Peter FITZ HENRY
|        |        |        |         \-----Margaret
|        |         \-----Margaret
|        |                 |         /-----Bartholomew De CHESNEY
|        |                  \-----Isabel De CHESNEY
 \-----Agatha De CLERE
         |                                                      /-----Hugh De La ROCUEFOUCAUD, Vicount Of Chateller
         |                                             /-----Boso II Vicount De Chastellerault
         |                                            |         \-----Gergerga
         |                                    /-----Aimery I Vicount De Chatellerault
         |                                   |        |         /-----Aimery IV De THOUARS, Vicomte De Thouars
         |                                   |         \-----Eleanor De THOUARS
         |                                   |                  \-----Aurengarge De MAULEON
         |                           /-----Raoul Lord Of Faye-Le-Vineuse
         |                          |        |                  /-----Archembaud Borel Sire De Isle-Bouchard
         |                          |        |         /-----Barthelemy Sire De Isle Bouchard
         |                          |        |        |         \-----Agnes
         |                          |         \-----Dangerose
         |                          |                  \-----Gerberga
         |                  /-----Ralph De FAY
         |                 |        |         /-----Aimery Sire De Faye
         |                 |         \-----Elisabeth Of Faye
         |         /-----Ralph De FAY
          \-----Maud De FAY
                  |                           /-----John De TONG
                  |                  /-----Robert De TURNHAM
                  |         /-----Stephen De TURNHAM
                   \-----Beatrice De TURNHAM
                           |                  /-----Oyne PURCEL
                           |         /-----Ranulf De BROC
                            \-----Edeline De BROC
                                     \-----Damietta De GORAM



Descendants of Alice Le RUS
1. Alice Le RUS m1. Sir Richard LONGSPEE m2. Sir Richard De BREUSE, Lord Of Stinton
m. Sir Richard LONGSPEE father: Sir William De LONGESPEE mother: Idoine De Camville
m. Sir Richard De BREUSE, Lord Of Stinton father: John De BRAOSE, Baron Of Bramber mother: Margaret Of Wales

2nd generation

2. Margaret De BREUSE m. Roger De COLEVILLE
m. Roger De COLEVILLE father: Walter De COLEVILLE mother: Elizabeth
3. Sir Giles De BREUSE m1. Katherine De HUNTINGFIELD m2. Joan BEAUMONT
m. Katherine De HUNTINGFIELD father: Sir Laurence De HUNTINGFIELD
m. Joan BEAUMONT father: Sir Richard De BEAUMONT mother: Alice
4. Mary De BREUSE m. Sir John WEYLAND
m. Sir John WEYLAND father: Thomas De WEYLAND mother: Ann De COLEVILL
5. Richard De BREUSE m. Alianore De FURNIVALLE
m. Alianore De FURNIVALLE father: Sir Thomas De FURNIVAL
6. Sibyl De BREUSE m. Constantine De MORTIMER
m. Constantine De MORTIMER father: William De MORTIMER mother: Alice

3rd generation

7. Edmund De COLEVILLE m. Margaret De UFFORD
m. Margaret De UFFORD father: Robert De UFFORD, Justiciar Of Ireland mother: Mary
8. Elizabeth COLVILL m. Ralph BASSET
m. Ralph BASSET father: Simon BASSET
9. Alice COLVILLE m1. Guy GOBAUD m2. Sir John GERNON
m. Guy GOBAUD
m. Sir John GERNON father: Sir William GERNON mother: Isabel De HERDEBURGH
12. Sir John De BREUSE m. Eve UFFORD
m. Eve UFFORD father: Sir Robert De UFFORD, Lord Ufford mother: Cecily De VALOINES
14. Sir Richard De WEYLAND m. Joan De UFFORD
m. Joan De UFFORD father: Sir Robert De UFFORD, Lord Ufford mother: Cecily De VALOINES
15. Sir Richard De BREUSE m. Eleanor De SHELTON
m. Eleanor De SHELTON father: Sir John De SHELTON
16. Sir Constantine De MORTIMER m. Agnes
m. Agnes

4th generation

19. Robert De COLEVILLE, Lord Coleville m. Cicely
m. Cicely
21. Simon BASSET m. Isabel BOTELER
m. Isabel BOTELER father: William Le BOTILLER, Lord Botiller mother: Beatrice
22. Mabel GOBAUD m. William LAMPET
m. William LAMPET
23. Margaret GERNON m. Sir Geoffrey De GRESLEY
m. Sir Geoffrey De GRESLEY father: Sir Peter De GRESLEY mother: Johanna De STAFFORD
24. Sir John GERNON m1. Alice m2. Joan
m. Alice
m. Joan
25. Margaret BREWES m. Sir William WYCHINGHAM
m. Sir William WYCHINGHAM father: John WYCHINGHAM
26. Cecily BREWES m. William De KERDESTON
m. William De KERDESTON father: William De KERDESTON, Lord Kerdeston mother: Alice De NORWICH
27. Sir John De BREUSE m1. Joan SHARDELOWE m2. Agnes
m. Joan SHARDELOWE father: Sir John SHARDELOWE mother: Margaret
m. Agnes
28. Cicely De WEYLAND m. Sir Bartholomew De BURGHERSH, Orig K.G., Lord Burghersh
m. Sir Bartholomew De BURGHERSH, Orig K.G., Lord Burghersh father: Sir Bartholomew De BURGHERSH, Lord Burghersh mother: Elizabeth De VERDUN
29. Eleanor BRAOSE m. Sir John WINGFIELD
m. Sir John WINGFIELD father: Sir John WINGFIELD mother: Elizabeth (WINGFIELD)
30. Sir Robert De MORTIMER m1. Catherine De BROCKDISH m2. Margery FASTOLF m3. Margery
m. Catherine De BROCKDISH father: Stephen De BROCKDISH
m. Margery FASTOLF
m. Margery

5th generation

31. Walter De COLEVILLE m. Margaret BASSINGBOURNE
m. Margaret BASSINGBOURNE father: Giles BASSINGBOURNE
33. Sir Ralph BASSET, Lord Basset Of Sapcote m1. Sibyl ASTLEY m2. Alice De DRIBY
m. Sibyl ASTLEY father: Sir Giles ASTLEY mother: Alice WOLVEY
m. Alice De DRIBY father: John De DRIBY mother: Amy De GAVESTON
35. Sir John De GRESLEY m1. Alice De SWYNNERTON m2. Joan TOLY
m. Alice De SWYNNERTON father: Sir Thomas De SWYNNERTON, Lord Swynnerton mother: Maud De HOLAND
m. Joan TOLY
36. Joan GERNOUN m. Sir John BOUTOURT
m. Sir John BOUTOURT father: Sir John De BOTETOURTE mother: Margaret
37. Margery GERNON m. Sir John PEYTON
m. Sir John PEYTON father: Sir John PEYTON, Lord Of Peyton Hall mother: Joan De MARNEY
40. Nicholas WYCHINGHAM m1. Alice FLETE m2. Joan De ANTINGHAM
m. Alice FLETE father: Roger FLETE
m. Joan De ANTINGHAM
42. Dionise WYCHINGHAM m. William CLERE
m. William CLERE father: Sir Robert CLERE mother: Alice FILBY
43. Sir Leonard De KERDESTON m. Margaret De MORLEY
m. Margaret De MORLEY father: Sir Thomas De MORLEY, K.G., Lord Morley mother: Joan De HASTINGS
44. Isabel De KERDESTON m. Sir William De ARGENTINE
m. Sir William De ARGENTINE father: Sir John De ARGENTINE
45. Sir Robert De BREUSE m. Ela STAPLETON
m. Ela STAPLETON father: Sir Miles STAPLETON mother: Ela UFFORD
46. Margaret De BREUSE m. Sir Thomas HAWLEY
m. Sir Thomas HAWLEY
47. Elizabeth De BURGHERSH, Baroness Burghersh m. Sir Edward DESPENSER, K.G., Lord Of Glamorgan
m. Sir Edward DESPENSER, K.G., Lord Of Glamorgan father: Sir Edward DESPENSER mother: Anne De FERRERS
48. Katherine WINGFIELD m. Sir Michael De La POLE, Earl Of Suffolk
m. Sir Michael De La POLE, Earl Of Suffolk father: Sir William De La POLE mother: Catherine
49. Eleanor De MORTIMER m. Sir Adam De CLIFTON
m. Sir Adam De CLIFTON father: Roger De CLIFTON mother: Margery De CAILLY
50. Thomas De MORTIMER m. Mary PARK
m. Mary PARK father: Nicholas PARK