Genealogy of the Marshall Family,
including Medieval and Ancient Lines

Updated: 09-30-2024.

Submitted and Maintained by Bill Marshall, bill.marshall@verizon.net.


Additions and corrections appreciated (especially with sources). My current list of sources is here. Homepage here.

Index of Medieval and Ancient Lines is here, notable people here, and Gedcom available to be downloaded.

Index of Modern Lines (immigrants to America and their descendants) is here, notable people here, and Gedcom here.


Individual Page


Family:
Marriage: Children:
  1. Henry BOURCHIER, K.G., Earl of Essex Birth: Abt 1404 Death: 4 Apr 1483
  2. Sir William BOURCHIER, Lord FitzWarin Birth: Before 1420 Death: Before 12 Dec 1469
  3. Sir John BOURCHIER, K.G., Lord Berners Birth: 4 Death: Abt 16 May 1474
  4. Eleanor BOURCHIER Death: Nov 1474
  5. Thomas BOURCHIER, Archbishop Of Canterbury Birth: Abt 1410 Death: 30 Mar 1486 in Knole, Kent
  6. Margaret BOURCHIER

Bibliography
  1. Burke, Sir John Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage Baronetage and Knightage. 99th edition. London: Burke's Peerage, 1949. Available at http://archive.org/details/burkesgenealogic1949unse. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Burke Peerage [cx0-9]*].
  2. Cokayne, George Edward, Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant, vol 02 Bass-Canning. London: St Catherine Press, 1912. Reprinted (4 per page) Gloucester: A Sutton, 1982. Available at https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/271412 Vol 2 also available at http://archive.org/completepeerageo02coka Information from this source tagged as [Ref: CP II [Ap][p0-9].*].
  3. Cokayne, George Edward, Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant, vol 09, Moels-Nugent. London: St Catherine Press, 1936. Reprinted (4 per page) Gloucester: A Sutton, 1982. Available at https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/271412 Information from this source tagged as [Ref: CP IX [Ap][p0-9].*].
  4. Cokayne, George Edward, Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant, vol 05 E-Goojerat. London: St Catherine Press, 1926. Reprinted (4 per page) Gloucester: A Sutton, 1982. Available at https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/271412 Information from this source tagged as [Ref: CP V [Ap][p0-9].*].
  5. Cokayne, George Edward, Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant, vol 06 Gordon-Huntley. London: St Catherine Press, 1926. Reprinted (4 per page) Gloucester: A Sutton, 1982. Available at https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/271412 Information from this source tagged as [Ref: CP VI [Ap][p0-9].*].
  6. Cokayne, George Edward, Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant, vol 08, Lindley-Moate. London: St Catherine Press, 1932. Reprinted (4 per page) Gloucester: A Sutton, 1982. Available at https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/271412 Information from this source tagged as [Ref: CP VIII [Ap][p0-9].*].
  7. Cokayne, George Edward, Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant, vol 12-1, Skelmersdale-Towton. London: St Catherine Press, 1953. Reprinted (4 per page) Gloucester: A Sutton, 1982. Available at https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/271412 Information from this source tagged as [Ref: CP XII/1 [Ap][p0-9].*].
  8. Clutterbuck, Robert, History and Antiquities of the County of Hertford, London: Nichols, Son, and Bentley, 1815-27, v1-3. Available at https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/188626. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Clutterbuck Hertford v[1-3]p[0-9]*].
  9. Schwennicke, Detlev, ed., Europaische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der europaischen Staaten, New Series. II: Die Ausserdeutschen Staaten Die Regierenden Hauser der Ubrigen Staaten Europas. Marburg: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, 1984. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: ES II #[0-9]*].
  10. Faris, David, Plantagenet ancestry of seventeenth century colonists: the descent from the later Plantagenet Kings of England, Henry III, Edward I, Edward II, and Edward III, of emigrants from England and Wales to the North American colonies before 1701, second edition. Boston: New England Historical Genealogical Society, 1999. NYPL APR (New England) 01-1513. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Faris PA2 p[0-9ivxc]*].
  11. Foss, Edward, Biographia Juridica, Biographical Dictionary of the Judges of England, London: John Murray, 1870. Available at https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oBAAAAQAAJ Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Foss Judges p[0-9]*].
  12. Roskell, J S, History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1386-1421. Wolfboro Falls, NH: Alan Sutton, 1992. NYPL JFE 95-5018. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: HoP 1386-1421 v[1-4]p[0-9]*].
  13. Paget, Gerald, The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales. London: Charles Skilton Ltd, 1977. Nypl ARF+ 78-835. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Paget HRHCharles p[0-9]*].
  14. Richardson, Douglas, Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Baltimore, MD: Genelogical Publishing Co, 2004. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Richardson PA p[0-9]*].
  15. Richardson, Douglas, Royal Ancestry. Salt Lake City, Utah: Douglas Richardson, 2013. NYPL JFF 16-1184 v1-5 Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Richardson RoyalAnc v1[pc][0-9]*].
  16. Richardson, Douglas, Royal Ancestry. Salt Lake City, Utah: Douglas Richardson, 2013. NYPL JFF 16-1184 v1-5 Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Richardson RoyalAnc v2p[0-9]*].
  17. Richardson, Douglas, Royal Ancestry. Salt Lake City, Utah: Douglas Richardson, 2013. NYPL JFF 16-1184 v1-5 Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Richardson RoyalAnc v4p[0-9]*].
  18. Richardson, Douglas, Royal Ancestry. Salt Lake City, Utah: Douglas Richardson, 2013. NYPL JFF 16-1184 v1-5 Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Richardson RoyalAnc v5p[0-9]*].
  19. Roberts, Gary Boyd, The Royal Descents of 600 Immigrants to the American Colonies or the United States: who were themselves notable or left descendants notable in American history, with a 2008 Addendum, Coda, and Final Additions. Baltimore, MD: Gen Pub Co, 2008. NYPL APK 08-4216. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Roberts RD600 p[0-9]*].
  20. Wagner, Anthony, Pedigree and Progress, Essays in the Genealogical Interpretation of History, London, Philmore, 1975. Rutgers Alex CS4.W33. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Wagner PedigreeProgress #[0-9]*].
  21. Weis, Frederick Lewis, Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, David Faris, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America before 1700, 7th Edition, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co, 1992. Information from this source tagged as [Ref: Weis AR7 #[0-9][0-9]*[A-Z]*].

Sources for birth and parent Information
date:
[Ref: Faris PA2 p43, Richardson PA p139, Richardson RoyalAnc v1p482, Richardson RoyalAnc v5p13]
abt 1374 [Ref: HoP 1386-1421 v2p315],
parents:
[Ref: CP V p176, CP VIII p182, Faris PA2 p43, HoP 1386-1421 v2p315, Richardson PA p139, Richardson RoyalAnc v1p482, Wagner PedigreeProgress #55, Weis AR7 #155A],
father:
[Ref: CP II p248, Foss Judges p108]
Sources for death Information
date:
[Ref: CP V p178, ES II #84, Faris PA2 p43, HoP 1386-1421 v2p317, Paget HRHCharles p26, Richardson PA p140, Richardson RoyalAnc v1p483, Richardson RoyalAnc v5p14, Weis AR7 #155A, Weis AR7 #4]
1420 [Ref: Foss Judges p108, HoP 1386-1421 v2p315, Wagner PedigreeProgress #55]
28 Jan 1420 [Ref: Burke Peerage cclv],
place:
[Ref: CP V p178, Faris PA2 p43, HoP 1386-1421 v2p317, Paget HRHCharles p26, Richardson PA p140, Richardson RoyalAnc v1p483, Richardson RoyalAnc v5p14, Weis AR7 #155A, Weis AR7 #4]
Sources for burial Information
place:
[Ref: CP V p178, Faris PA2 p43, HoP 1386-1421 v2p317, Paget HRHCharles p26, Richardson PA p140, Richardson RoyalAnc v1p483, Richardson RoyalAnc v5p14]
Sources with Information about marriage to Anne Countess Of Buckingham
date:
1404 [Ref: Burke Peerage cclv]
20 Nov 1405 as second marriage of Anne [Ref: Weis AR7 #4]
before 20 Nov 1405 [Ref: Richardson PA p139, Richardson RoyalAnc v1p482, Richardson RoyalAnc v5p13]
between Jul 1403 and Feb 1405 [Ref: HoP 1386-1421 v2p315]
pardon 10 Nov 1405 [Ref: Paget HRHCharles p26]
pardon 20 Nov 1405 [Ref: CP V p137, CP V p177, Faris PA2 p42]
third marriage of Anne [Ref: CP V p729, CP VI p476 (with corr in XIV p381), CP XII/1 p181, Faris PA2 p339, Richardson PA pxxix, Richardson RoyalAnc v1c3]
vor 10.XI 1405 [Ref: ES II #84],
names:
[Ref: CP V p736f, Weis AR7 #155A],
child:
[Ref: CP II p153, CP II p248, CP IX p608, CP V p137, CP V p179, CP V p507, CP VI p477, Faris PA2 p43, Foss Judges p108, Foss Judges p109, HoP 1386-1421 v2p317, Richardson PA p139, Richardson PA p140, Richardson RoyalAnc v1p482, Richardson RoyalAnc v2p666, Richardson RoyalAnc v4p195, Richardson RoyalAnc v5p450, Richardson RoyalAnc v5p82, Roberts RD600 p169, Roberts RD600 p182, Roberts RD600 p197, Roberts RD600 p228, Roberts RD600 p229, Roberts RD600 p234, Roberts RD600 p246, Weis AR7 #261, Weis AR7 #4]
Research Notes:
Count of Eu [Ref: CP II p153, CP II p248, CP V p137, CP V p507, CP V p729, Richardson RoyalAnc v2p666, Richardson RoyalAnc v4p195, Richardson RoyalAnc v5p450, Richardson RoyalAnc v5p82, Roberts RD600 p169, Roberts RD600 p182, Roberts RD600 p197, Roberts RD600 p228, Weis AR7 #155A, Weis AR7 #4]

Knt, of Little Easton and Wix, Essex, and Bildeston, Suffolk [Ref: Richardson RoyalAnc v1p482, Richardson RoyalAnc v5p13]
Knt [Ref: Richardson RoyalAnc v2p666, Richardson RoyalAnc v4p195, Richardson RoyalAnc v5p450]
Knt, of Little Easton, Essex, and Bildeston, Suffolk [Ref: Richardson PA p139]
of Little Easton, Essex [Ref: HoP 1386-1421 v2p315]

heir of his father [Ref: CP II p248, CP VIII p182, Richardson PA p139, Richardson RoyalAnc v1p482, Richardson RoyalAnc v5p13]

Constable of the Tower of London [Ref: Weis AR7 #155A]

before Sep 1396: knighted [Ref: HoP 1386-1421 v2p315]

Jan 1404: Member of Parliament for Essex [Ref: HoP 1386-1421 v2p315]

1404: Knight of the Shire for Essex [Ref: Richardson RoyalAnc v1p482]
Knight of the Shire for Essex [Ref: Richardson PA p139, Richardson RoyalAnc v5p13]

1405: pardoned for marrying without royal license [Ref: Wagner PedigreeProgress #55]

1415-20: Constable of the Tower of London [Ref: Richardson RoyalAnc v1p482]
Constable of the Tower of London [Ref: Richardson PA p139, Richardson RoyalAnc v5p13]

1419-20: Captain of Dieppe [Ref: Richardson RoyalAnc v1p482]
Captain of Dieppe [Ref: Richardson PA p139, Richardson RoyalAnc v5p13]

1419-20: Serjeant of mantes and Meulan [Ref: Richardson RoyalAnc v1p482]

Master of Hart Hounds to King Henry V [Ref: Richardson PA p139, Richardson RoyalAnc v1p482, Richardson RoyalAnc v5p13]

Jun 10 1419: cr Count of Eu [Ref: CP II p248, HoP 1386-1421 v2p315]

Jun 10 1419: cr Count of Eu, to him and heirs male of his body, granted by Henry V; however the actual possession of Eu was lost in 1450 when the English were driven out of Normandy [Ref: CP II p248(b)]

1419: granted County of Eu in Normandy [Ref: Wagner PedigreeProgress #55]



Pedigree of Sir William BOURCHIER, Count Of Eu
                            /-----Robert BOURCHIER
                   /-----Sir John BOURCHIER
                  |         \-----Emma
          /-----Robert BOURCHIER, Lord Bourchier
         |        |         /-----Walter COLCHESTER
         |         \-----Helen COLCHESTER
 /-----Sir William BOURCHIER
|        |         /-----Sir Thomas PRAYERS
|         \-----Margaret PRAYERS
|                 |         /-----Hugh ESSEX
|                  \-----Anne ESSEX
Sir William BOURCHIER, Count Of Eu
|                                                               /-----Godfrey II Count Of Louvain
|                                                      /-----Godfrey III Count Of Louvain
|                                                     |         \-----Luitgarde Of Sultzbach
|                                             /-----Godfrey De LOUVAINE
|                                            |        |         /-----Louis Count Of Loos And Rienack
|                                            |         \-----Imaine Of Loos
|                                            |                  \-----Agnes Of Metz
|                                    /-----Matthew De LOUVAINE, Baron Of Little Easton
|                                   |        |                  /-----William Fitz ROBERT, Baron Of Little Easton
|                                   |        |         /-----Robert De HASTINGS, Baron Of Little Easton
|                                   |        |        |         \-----Hawise De GUERRES
|                                   |         \-----Delicia (Alice) De HASTINGS
|                                   |                 |         /-----Roger De FLAMVILLE
|                                   |                  \-----Maud De FLAMVILLE
|                                   |                           \-----Juetta De ARCHES
|                           /-----Matthew De LOUVAINE, Baron Of Little Easton
|                          |         \-----Muriel (Amy)
|                  /-----Sir Thomas De LOUVAINE, Baron Of Little Easton
|                 |         \-----(Unk) De BLAKENHAM
|         /-----John De LOUVAINE
|        |        |         /-----Sir Robert De BASING
|        |         \-----Joan De BASING
|        |                  \-----Margery
 \-----Eleanor De LOUVAINE
         |         /-----Sir Thomas De WESTON
          \-----Margaret De WESTON



Descendants of Sir William BOURCHIER, Count Of Eu
1. Sir William BOURCHIER, Count Of Eu m. Anne Countess Of Buckingham
m. Anne Countess Of Buckingham father: Thomas Of Woodstock Duke Of Gloucester mother: Alianore De BOHUN

2nd generation

2. Henry BOURCHIER, K.G., Earl of Essex m. Isabel PLANTAGENET
m. Isabel PLANTAGENET father: Richard Of York Earl Of Cambridge mother: Anne De MORTIMER
3. Sir William BOURCHIER, Lord FitzWarin m1. Thomasine HANKFORD m2. Katherine De AFFETON
m. Thomasine HANKFORD father: Sir Richard HANKEFORD mother: Elizabeth FITZWARIN, Baroness Fitzwarin
m. Katherine De AFFETON father: John De AFFETON mother: Joan BRATTON
4. Sir John BOURCHIER, K.G., Lord Berners m. Margery BERNERS
m. Margery BERNERS father: Richard BERNERS mother: Philippa DALYNGRIDGE
5. Eleanor BOURCHIER m. John MOWBRAY, K.G., Duke Of Norfolk
m. John MOWBRAY, K.G., Duke Of Norfolk father: John MOWBRAY, K.G., Duke Of Norfolk mother: Katherine NEVILLE

3rd generation

8. William BOURCHIER, Lord Bourchier m1. Isobel VERE m2. Anne WYDEVILLE
m. Isobel VERE father: John VERE, Earl Of Oxford mother: Elizabeth HOWARD, Baroness Plaiz
m. Anne WYDEVILLE father: Sir Richard WYDVILLE, K.G., Earl of Rivers mother: Jacquetta Of St.Pol
13. Sir Humphrey BOURCHIER, Lord Cromwell m. Joan STANHOPE
m. Joan STANHOPE father: Sir Richard STANHOPE mother: Maud CROMWELL
15. Sir Thomas BOURCHIER m1. Isabelle BARRE m2. Anne ANDREWS
m. Isabelle BARRE father: Sir John De BARRE mother: Idoine HOTOFT
m. Anne ANDREWS father: John ANDREWS mother: Elizabeth STRATTON
23. Fulke BOURCHIER, Lord FitzWarin m. Elizabeth DINHAM
m. Elizabeth DINHAM father: Sir John DYNHAM, Lord Dynham mother: Joan De ARCHES
24. Joan BOURCHIER m. Sir Henry NEVILLE
m. Sir Henry NEVILLE father: George NEVILLE, Lord Latimer mother: Elizabeth BEAUCHAMP
28. Sir Humphrey BOURCHIER m. Elizabeth TILNEY
m. Elizabeth TILNEY father: Frederick TILNEY mother: Elizabeth CHENEY
29. John MOWBRAY, K.G., Duke Of Norfolk m. Elizabeth TALBOT
m. Elizabeth TALBOT father: Sir John TALBOT, K.G., Earl Of Shrewsbury mother: Margaret BEAUCHAMP

4th generation

30. Cecily BOURCHIER m. John DEVEREUX, Lord Ferrers Of Chartley
m. John DEVEREUX, Lord Ferrers Of Chartley father: Sir Walter DEVEREUX, K.G., Lord Ferrers of Chartle mother: Anne FERRERS
36. Joan BOURCHIER m. James TUCHET, Lord Audley
m. James TUCHET, Lord Audley father: John TUCHET, Lord Audley mother: Anne ECHINGHAM
37. John BOURCHIER, Lord FitzWarin, Earl Of Bath m1. Cecily DAUBENEY m2. Florence BONVILLE m3. Elizabeth WENTWORTH
m. Cecily DAUBENEY father: Sir Giles DAUBENEY, K.G., Lord Daubeney mother: Elizabeth ARUNDELLE
m. Florence BONVILLE father: John BONVILLE mother: Katharine WINGFIELD
m. Elizabeth WENTWORTH father: Sir Henry WENTWORTH, Lord Despenser mother: Anne SAY
38. Elizabeth BOURCHIER m1. Hugh BEAUMONT m2. Sir Edward STANHOPE m3. Sir Richard PAGE
m. Hugh BEAUMONT father: Sir Thomas BEAUMONT
m. Sir Edward STANHOPE father: Thomas STANHOPE mother: Mary JERNINGHAM
m. Sir Richard PAGE father: Henry PAGE mother: Margaret DANYELL
39. Richard NEVILL, Lord Latimer m1. Anne STAFFORD m2. Margaret
m. Anne STAFFORD father: Humphrey STAFFORD mother: Catherine FRAY
m. Margaret
40. Thomas NEVILLE m1. Anne WESTERDALE m2. Lettice De HARCOURT m3. Anne GREVILLE
m. Anne WESTERDALE
m. Lettice De HARCOURT father: John HARCOURT mother: Anne NORREYS
m. Anne GREVILLE father: Robert GREVILLE
42. Margaret BOURCHIER, Dame Bryan m1. John SANDYS m2. Sir Thomas BRYAN m3. David ZOUCHE
m. John SANDYS father: Sir William SANDYS
m. Sir Thomas BRYAN father: Sir Thomas BRYAN mother: Isabel
m. David ZOUCHE father: Sir John ZOUCHE mother: Elizabeth St JOHN
43. Anne BOURCHIER m. Thomas FIENNES, Lord Dacre
m. Thomas FIENNES, Lord Dacre father: Sir John FIENNES mother: Alice FITZHUGH
44. Sir John BOURCHIER, Lord Berners m1. Elizabeth BACON m2. Katharine HOWARD
m. Elizabeth BACON
m. Katharine HOWARD father: Sir John HOWARD, K.G., Duke Of Norfolk mother: Margaret CHEDWORTH

5th generation

46. Walter DEVEREUX, K.G., Lord Ferrers of Chartle m1. Mary GREY m2. Margaret GARNEYS
m. Mary GREY father: Thomas GREY, K.G., Marquess of Dorset mother: Cicely BONVILLE, Baroness Harrington And Bonvil
m. Margaret GARNEYS father: Robert GARNEYS mother: Anne BACON
47. Anne DEVEREUX m1. Sir David OWEN m2. Nicholas GAYNESFORD m3. John HARMON
m. Sir David OWEN father: Owen Ap Maredudd Ap TUDOR
m. Nicholas GAYNESFORD father: John GAYNESFORD mother: Anne WORSLEY
m. John HARMON father: Christopher HARMON mother: Cecily FITZRALPH
50. Dorothy BOURCHIER m. Sir John FULFORD
m. Sir John FULFORD
51. Mary BOURCHIER m. Edward CHICHESTER
m. Edward CHICHESTER
52. John BOURCHIER, Lord FitzWarin, Earl Of Bath m1. Elizabeth HUNGERFORD m2. Eleanor MANNERS m3. Margaret DONINGTON
m. Elizabeth HUNGERFORD father: Sir Walter HUNGERFORD mother: Jane (BOLSTRED)
m. Eleanor MANNERS father: George MANNERS, Lord Ros Of Helmsley mother: Anne St LEGER
m. Margaret DONINGTON father: John DONINGTON mother: Elizabeth PYE
53. Anne STANHOPE m1. Edward SEYMOUR, K.G., Duke Of Somerset m2. Francis NEWDIGATE
m. Edward SEYMOUR, K.G., Duke Of Somerset father: Sir John SEYMOUR mother: Margaret WENTWORTH
m. Francis NEWDIGATE father: John NEWDIGATE
54. Elizabeth PAGE m. Sir William SKIPWITH
m. Sir William SKIPWITH father: Sir William SKIPWITH mother: Elizabeth TYRWHITT
55. John NEVILL, Lord Latimer m1. Dorothy VERE m2. Elizabeth MUSGRAVE m3. Katherine PARR
m. Dorothy VERE father: Sir George VERE mother: Margaret STAFFORD
m. Elizabeth MUSGRAVE father: Sir Edward MUSGRAVE mother: Joan WARD
m. Katherine PARR father: Sir Thomas PARR mother: Maud GREEN
56. Margaret NEVILL m. Edward WILLOUGHBY
m. Edward WILLOUGHBY father: Robert WILLOUGHBY, Lord Willoughby mother: Elizabeth De BEAUCHAMP
57. Dorothy NEVILLE m. Sir John DAWNEY
m. Sir John DAWNEY
59. Elizabeth NEVILLE m. Sir Christopher DANBY
m. Sir Christopher DANBY father: Sir Christopher DANBY mother: Margaret Le SCROPE
70. Elizabeth BRYAN m. Sir Nicholas CAREW, K.G.
m. Sir Nicholas CAREW, K.G. father: Sir Richard CAREW mother: Malyn OXENBRIDGE
75. Mary FIENNES m. Henry NORREYS
m. Henry NORREYS father: Sir Edward NORREYS mother: Frideswide LOVEL
77. Sir Thomas FIENNES m. Jane SUTTON
m. Jane SUTTON father: Edward SUTTON, K.G., Lord Dudley mother: Cecily WILLOUGHBY
78. Sir James BOURCHIER m. Mary BANISTER
m. Mary BANISTER father: Sir Humphrey BANISTER
83. Joan BOURCHIER, Baroness Berners m. Edmund KNYVET
m. Edmund KNYVET father: Sir Edmund KNYVET mother: Eleanor TYRREL